St. Valentine was a physician and priest in Rome, possibly a bishop.
When Emperor Claudius II decided that single men made better soldiers than those with wives and families, he outlawed marriage for young men -- his crop of potential soldiers. Valentine, realizing the injustice of the decree, defied Claudius and continued to perform marriages for young lovers in secret. He was eventually discovered and sent to prison. While he was there he converted the jailer by restoring sight to the jailer's daughter. He was beaten and beheaded in 269.
Valentine's Day celebrations began in ancient Rome, when the Romans held the festival of Lupercalia, which was celebrated on Feb. 15.
For 800 years the Romans had dedicated this day to the god Lupercus. On Lupercalia, a young man would draw the name of a young woman in a lottery and would then keep the woman as a sexual companion for the year.
Pope Gelasius I in (496) was, understandably, less than thrilled with this custom. So he changed the lottery to have both young men and women draw the names of saints whom they would then emulate for the year (a change that no doubt disappointed a few young men). Instead of Lupercus, the patron of the feast became Valentine. For Roman men, the day continued to be an occasion to seek the affections of women, and it became a tradition to give out handwritten messages of admiration that included Valentine's name.
By 1477 the English associated lovers with the feast of Valentine because on that day "every bird chooses him a mate." The custom started of men and women writing love letters to their Valentine on this day. Other "romance" traditions have become attached to this feast, including pinning bay leaves to your pillow on Valentine's Eve so that you will see your future mate that night in your dreams.
St. Valentine is the patron of affianced couples, against fainting, bee keepers, betrothed couples, engaged couples, epilepsy, happy marriages, and young people.
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